The AI detector index

One entry per AI detector, fourteen fields in the same order, each value with its source and the date it was read: twenty-two cards and nine study records at index version 2026.11.2, twenty-two cards and seventeen records at version 2026.11.3 after eight records were added on 9 November 2026, and seventy-two cards and thirty-five study records at version 2026.11.13 after six more cards, then ten more, then four more (Codeleaks, Illuminarty, Pindrop Pulse and Resemble Detect) and two records (Pegoraro 2023 and Fleckenstein 2024) followed the same day. Where no evidence is published, the field is left empty. How an entry is made The twelfth wave, the last of the twelve-month plan, added no card and thirteen pages on 10 November 2026 at index version 2026.11.13: four questions (student plans, scanned PDFs, music detectors, nonprofit and education pricing), two comparisons (Sapling vs GPTZero, Pindrop vs Resemble Detect), four views (customer support QA, team seats and SSO, handwriting and OCR, mobile apps) and three updates, the 2027 census among them, which counts 72 cards, 12 withdrawn, unreachable or redirected, 35 with a study record and four planned rows held. A team field was written to every card the same day, and two file type counts were corrected.

Every detector, the same fields

Updated

Every detector in the index with the same fields
Register IDDetectorDetectsLanguagesFree tierAPILMSIndependent studies
AIDI-D-0001GPTZeroText, image5YesYesYes16
AIDI-D-0002TurnitinText7NoNoYes5
AIDI-D-0003CopyleaksText, code, image, video30YesYesYes9
AIDI-D-0004Originality.aiText, code30YesYesYes7
AIDI-D-0005Winston AIText, image, handwriting11YesYesYes2
AIDI-D-0006PangramText, image, video24YesYesYes4
AIDI-D-0007QuillBotText, image6YesNoNo2
AIDI-D-0008GrammarlyTextYesNoNo0
AIDI-D-0009ScribbrText1YesNoNo1
AIDI-D-0010SaplingText16YesYesNo3
AIDI-D-0011ZeroGPTText, image, videoYesYesNo7
AIDI-D-0012PhraslyText, image4YesYesNo0
AIDI-D-0013JustDoneTextYesNoNo0
AIDI-D-0014ProofademicText, image, voice23YesYesNo0
AIDI-D-0015Walter WritesText, image, voice20YesYesYes0
AIDI-D-0016HiveText, image, video, voice, musicYesYesNo2
AIDI-D-0017GLTRTextYesYesNo4
AIDI-D-0018AIDetectPlusTextYesNoNo0
AIDI-D-0019GPT-2 Output DetectorTextYesYesNo13
AIDI-D-0020CodequiryCodeYesYesYes0
AIDI-D-0021WasItAIImageYesYesNo0
AIDI-D-0022Reality DefenderVideo, image, voice, textYesYesNo0
AIDI-D-0023WriterTextYesNoNo5
AIDI-D-0024Undetectable AIText50YesYesNo1
AIDI-D-0025AI or NotImage, video, voice, music, textYesYesNo1
AIDI-D-0026Grammarly AuthorshipTextYesNoYes0
AIDI-D-0027Turnitin ClarityTextNoNoYes0
AIDI-D-0028SynthIDImage, video, audio, textYesNoNo0
AIDI-D-0029SmodinText100YesYesNo0
AIDI-D-0030BrandWellText1YesNoNo3
AIDI-D-0031SurferText1YesYesNo0
AIDI-D-0032CompilatioText, handwriting35NoYesYes1
AIDI-D-0033QuetextText25YesYesNo0
AIDI-D-0034TruthScanText, image, pdf documents, video, voice30YesYesNo0
AIDI-D-0035DetectGPTTextYesNoNo4
AIDI-D-0036SightengineImage, video, deepfake, voice, musicYesYesNo1
AIDI-D-0037DeepwareVideoYesYesNo0
AIDI-D-0038SensityVideo, image, voice, file forensicsNoYesNo0
AIDI-D-0039CodeleaksCodeNoYesNo0
AIDI-D-0040IlluminartyImage, textYesYesNo1
AIDI-D-0041Pindrop PulseVoice, video40NoYesNo0
AIDI-D-0042Resemble DetectVoice, image, video, music54YesYesNo0
AIDI-D-0043DecopyTextYesNoNo0
AIDI-D-0044Content Detector AIText1YesNoNo3
AIDI-D-0045GPTKitText1YesYesNo2
AIDI-D-0046PlagiarismCheckText2YesYesYes1
AIDI-D-0047IsgenText80YesYesNo0
AIDI-D-0048AI Detector ProText7YesYesNo0
AIDI-D-0049Fast-DetectGPTTextYesYesNo1
AIDI-D-0050PaperpalText1YesNoNo0
AIDI-D-0051Detecting-AI.comTextYesYesYes0
AIDI-D-0053BinocularsTextYesNoNo2
AIDI-D-0054MonicaTextYesNoNo0
AIDI-D-0055TrinkaTextYesYesYes0
AIDI-D-0056StealthWriterTextYesNoNo0
AIDI-D-0057WordtuneText5YesNoNo1
AIDI-D-0058Check For AIText1YesNoNo1
AIDI-D-0059WritefullTextYesNoNo2
AIDI-D-0060Passed.aiText1YesNoNo0
AIDI-D-0062ElevenLabs ClassifierVoice: elevenlabs-generated speech onlyYesNoNo0
AIDI-D-0063FakeCatcherVideoNoNoNo0
AIDI-D-0064Deepfake-O-MeterImage, video, voiceYesNoNo0
AIDI-D-0065Ircam AmplifyMusicNoYesNo0
AIDI-D-0066GPT RadarTextYesNoNo1
AIDI-D-0067GrammicaTextYesNoNo1
AIDI-D-0068IvyPandaTextYesNoNo1
AIDI-D-0069SEO.aiText50YesNoNo1
AIDI-D-0070AI Writing CheckTextYesNoNo1
AIDI-D-0071RADARTextYesNoNo2
AIDI-D-0072GhostbusterTextYesNoNo0
AIDI-D-0073Hiya Deepfake DetectorVoice: the voice in a video or audio played in a chrome tabYesYesNo0
AIDI-D-0074McAfee Deepfake DetectorVoice: ai-generated audio in a video playing in the browser1YesNoNo0

What the studies found

Each published study is its own record, with its sample, the detectors it tested and its results as reported.

All studies
  1. AIDI-S-0001Weber-Wulff et al. 2023: testing of detection tools for AI-generated text2023Independent14 tested
  2. AIDI-S-0002Liang et al. 2023: GPT detectors are biased against non-native English writers2023Independent7 tested
  3. AIDI-S-0003Walters 2023: the effectiveness of 16 AI text detectors on student essays2023Independent16 tested
  4. AIDI-S-0004Elkhatat et al. 2023: evaluating AI content detection tools2023Independent5 tested
  5. AIDI-S-0005Perkins et al. 2024: AI detectors against adversarial techniques2024Independent7 tested
  6. AIDI-S-0006RAID: the shared benchmark for AI text detectors2024Independent6 tested
  7. AIDI-S-0007OpenAI's AI text classifier, 2023: the published accuracy record2023Vendor or lab1 tested
  8. AIDI-S-0008Turnitin AI detection accuracy: vendor claims and independent tests2023Vendor or lab1 tested
  9. AIDI-S-0009Chaka 2023: detecting AI content in ChatGPT, YouChat and Chatsonic responses with five tools2023Independent5 tested
  10. AIDI-S-0010Sadasivan et al. 2023: can AI-generated text be reliably detected? Recursive paraphrasing against four detector classes2023Independent7 tested
  11. AIDI-S-0011Krishna et al. 2023: paraphrasing evades detectors of AI-generated text, but retrieval is an effective defense2023Independent5 tested
  12. AIDI-S-0012Orenstrakh et al. 2023: detecting LLM-generated text in computing education, eight detectors on 164 submissions2023Independent8 tested
  13. AIDI-S-0013Gao et al. 2023: ChatGPT-generated scientific abstracts against the GPT-2 Output Detector and blinded reviewers2023Independent1 tested
  14. AIDI-S-0014Jabarian and Imas 2025: artificial writing and automated detection, four detectors on 1,992 passages2025Independent4 tested
  15. AIDI-S-0015Van Vlasselaer et al. 2026: who wrote this? GPTZero, Pangram, Copyleaks and Turnitin on 160 academic papers2026Independent4 tested
  16. AIDI-S-0016NIST AI 700-1, 2025: the GenAI text-to-text pilot, 348 detector submissions on AI and human summaries2025Vendor or lab3 tested
  17. AIDI-S-0017Ha and Passananti et al. 2024: organic or diffused? Hive, Optic and Illuminarty on 280 human artworks and 350 AI images2024Independent5 tested
  18. AIDI-S-0018Pegoraro et al. 2023: to ChatGPT or not to ChatGPT, 20 detection methods and no true positive rate above 47.3%2023Independent20 tested
  19. AIDI-S-0019Fleckenstein et al. 2024: do teachers spot AI? 89 novice and 200 experienced teachers on ChatGPT and student essays2024Human-rater study0 tested
  20. AIDI-S-0021Ibrahim 2023: GPT-2 Output Detector and Crossplag on 120 ESL student essays and 120 ChatGPT essays2023Independent2 tested
  21. AIDI-S-0023Kar et al. 2024: how sensitive are the free AI detector tools, ten tools on one ChatGPT article and three paraphrases2024Independent10 tested
  22. AIDI-S-0024Alshammari and Rao 2025: six AI text detectors on 49 DeepSeek-V3 answers, paraphrased and humanized2025Independent6 tested
  23. AIDI-S-0025DAMAGE 2025: nineteen AI humanizers against GPTZero, Binoculars, RADAR and a Pangram Labs model2025Independent5 tested
  24. AIDI-S-0026Epoch AI 2026: Pangram, GPTZero and Originality.ai on 495 human passages and 594 AI passages2026Data insight (not peer reviewed)3 tested
  25. AIDI-S-0027ASVspoof 5: 53 teams' deepfake speech detectors on 680,774 crowdsourced utterances and 16 attacks2026Challenge0 tested
  26. AIDI-S-0028SAFE 2025: twelve teams' synthetic voice detectors on 21 real sources, 13 TTS models and laundered audio2025Challenge0 tested
  27. AIDI-S-0029DFDC 2020: what 2,114 teams scored on 10,000 unseen deepfake videos2020Challenge0 tested
  28. AIDI-S-0030RAID image 2025: adversarial images cut Hive to 0.44 and Sightengine to 0.00 (accuracy)2025Independent4 tested
  29. AIDI-S-0031Vanderbilt 2023: why a university disabled Turnitin's AI detector, with the numbers it used2023Institutional statement0 tested
  30. AIDI-S-0032Vendor benchmarks: what GPTZero and Pangram publish about their own accuracy2026Vendor or lab5 tested
  31. AIDI-S-0033Rashidi et al. 2023: 14,400 pre-ChatGPT journal abstracts through the RoBERTa GPT-2 detector2023Independent1 tested
  32. AIDI-S-0034ASVspoof 2021: 54 teams' spoofed and deepfake speech detectors across logical access, physical access and deepfake tasks2023Challenge0 tested
  33. AIDI-S-0035ADD 2023: the second Audio Deepfake Detection Challenge, 145 teams across fake-audio game, region location and algorithm recognition2023Challenge0 tested
  34. AIDI-S-0036FaceForensics++ 2019: six forgery detectors and 204 human observers on 1.8 million manipulated face images2019Challenge0 tested
  35. AIDI-S-0037Vendor compilation: what Originality.ai's accuracy page and 17-study meta-analysis publish about its own detector2026Vendor or lab10 tested

Rankings derived from the index

  1. AIDI-R-01Independently testedAI detectors ranked by how many published studies tested them, 17 records, with every study linked, each result as reported, and the method and date stated.
  2. AIDI-R-02False positive rateAI detectors ranked by published false positive rate, each figure from a named study or vendor statement with its sample size and date, and the limits of each.
  3. AIDI-R-03Free tiersWhat each AI detector's free tier includes, in words or characters per check and per period as checked on the vendor page, ranked by what you can check free.
  4. AIDI-R-04LanguagesAI detectors ranked by the languages each vendor says it detects, including Spanish, with the vendor source and date per row and studies on non-English text.
  5. AIDI-R-05Input limitsAI detectors ranked by the largest words or characters a vendor states for one check, with the plan carrying each limit, the source per row and unlimited tiers.
  6. AIDI-R-06Data retentionAI detectors ranked by how long each vendor's policy says pasted text or images are kept, shortest first, with the clause quoted, the policy linked and dated.
  7. AIDI-R-07Studies by content typeThe 14 AI detectors that state image, voice, video, code or music detection, ranked by how many published studies scored them on those types; one record exists.
  8. AIDI-R-08Adversarial robustnessAI detectors ranked by the share of paraphrased, humanised or edited AI text each still caught in a published study, with the attack, base and date per row.
  9. AIDI-R-09False negative rateAI detectors ranked by lowest published false negative rate, the share of AI text a study found each missed, with base, threshold and false positive rate shown.
  10. AIDI-R-10Claim vs evidence gapEight AI detector vendors' headline accuracy claims set beside the best accuracy a published study prints for each tool, ranked by the gap in points, sourced.
  11. AIDI-R-11Platform integrationsAI detectors ranked by how many of eight integration surfaces each vendor names: Chrome extension, Google Docs, Word, LMS, Zapier, MCP, API, mobile app.
  12. AIDI-R-12File typesAI detectors ranked by how many upload formats each vendor names, from Sensity's 22 media containers to three-format text tools, each list quoted and dated.
  13. AIDI-R-13Minimum inputAI detectors ranked by the smallest text a vendor requires for one check, from Phrasly's 30 words to Turnitin's 300, with the vendor's wording per row.
  14. AIDI-R-14API pricingAI detector APIs ranked by the published price of a text check per 1,000 words, from AI or Not's $5 per million words to Copyleaks' plan credits.
  15. AIDI-R-15LMS coverageAI detectors ranked by how many LMS platforms each vendor names, from Compilatio's seven and Copyleaks' six to Grammarly Authorship's one; 11 of 42 cards.
  16. AIDI-R-16Free checks per dayAI detectors ranked by the free checks per day each vendor states, from Sightengine's 500 operations to QuillBot's 6 scans; 7 of 63 cards state a daily figure.
  17. AIDI-R-17Generators coveredAI detectors ranked by how many AI generator models each vendor names, from Resemble Detect's 62 to GLTR's one; 56 of 72 cards name one.
  18. AIDI-R-18Languages evidenceAI detectors ranked by how many indexed studies print a result on non-English, translated or non-native English text, GPTZero first with five; 19 of 72 cards.
  19. AIDI-R-19Code languagesAI code detectors ranked by how many programming languages each vendor names, Codequiry's 12 to Originality.ai's 7; 4 of 42 cards state code, 3 name languages.
  20. AIDI-R-20Launch year29 of 72 AI detectors state a launch year, from Codequiry in 2017 to Turnitin Clarity in 2025; 14 launched in 2023, seven are withdrawn, five changed hands.

Find detectors by use case

By feature

Questions about the index

How many AI detectors are in the index?

The index holds seventy-two detector cards and thirty-five study records at version 2026.11.13; sixteen cards date from 8 November 2026, and six cards and the ninth record were added on 9 November 2026, followed by eight more records, six more cards and then ten more cards (Smodin, BrandWell, Surfer, Compilatio, Quetext, TruthScan, DetectGPT, Sightengine, Deepware and Sensity) the same day. Every card carries the same fourteen fields in the same order, from what the tool detects and what it costs to the studies that tested it, and each row of the board above links to its card. New cards are added with a dated line in the corrections log.

Does the index test detectors itself?

No. Every result on the site comes from a published study, kept as its own record with its sample, method and date, or from the vendor's own page, quoted as a claim. The index runs no tests of its own and prints no score of its own; the methodology page sets out what a card records and what it does not.

Why is a field empty on some cards?

Because no source that meets the index's standard was found for it when the card was read: no vendor page states the value and no indexed study reports it. The row is left out rather than filled with an estimate, and the card's revision log shows when the field was last checked.

How are the rankings made?

Each of the twenty rankings sorts the cards on one field of the index data file (the twentieth, launch year, added 10 November 2026, sorts on the year the vendor states and dates every withdrawal), among them study record count, published false positive rate, false negative rate, free tier words per month, language count, stated data retention, named integration surfaces and stated upload formats. Only cards with a published value qualify, ties follow a rule stated on the page, and each page says how many of the seventy-two cards qualified. No overall ranking exists.

Which detectors have been independently tested?

35 of the 72, as of 9 November 2026: GPTZero in eleven study records, the GPT-2 Output Detector in nine, Copyleaks in six, Turnitin, Originality.ai and ZeroGPT in five each, GLTR in three, Pangram, Winston AI and Sapling in two each, and Hive and Scribbr in one. The ranking of independently tested detectors lists them in that order with every record linked.

How do I report an error?

Use the contact page and name the card or record, the field and the source that supports the change. A correction to a published figure is made on the page the day it is confirmed and written to the corrections log with the date, the page, what changed and the source that prompted it.